ARIPO
Paris Convention
PCT

ARIPO patents
National patents

None.

Formal examination.
Search (ARIPO or Industrial Property Institute)
Obligation to submit prior art, corresponding foreign search results and application numbers.
Substantive examination (ARIPO or Industrial Property Institute).
Amendments upon request.
Grant.
Post-grant opposition (sixty days after grant, extendable a further sixty days)

Formal examination.
Search (ARIPO or Industrial Property Institute)
Obligation to submit prior art, corresponding foreign search results and application numbers.
Substantive examination (ARIPO or Industrial Property Institute).
Amendments upon request.
Grant.
Post-grant opposition (sixty days after grant, extendable a further sixty days)

Within three years of grant, or four years from application (whichever ends later), failing which patentee may be obliged to grant a licence to a third party.